Scaffolding - variety of instructional techniques used to move and support students progressively toward stronger understanding and greater independence in the learning process.(teachers provide temporary support that helps students reach higher levels of comprehension and skill acquisition that they would not be able to achieve without assistance )
ZPD the distance between actual development level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adul guidance or with peers.
Relevance this term refers to learning experience that are directly applicable to the personal aspirations, interests of students or that are connected in some way to real world problems and issues.
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